Types of Ethical Hacking

Ethical hacking can be categorized into several types based on the specific focus or techniques used:
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1. White-Box Testing
Known System: The tester has complete knowledge of the system, including its architecture, code, and configuration.
Internal Perspective: The tester can analyze the system from the inside out.
Common Techniques: Code review, static analysis, and internal vulnerability scanning.

2. Black-Box Testing
Unknown System: The tester has no prior knowledge of the system, simulating an external attacker.
External Perspective: The tester focuses on the system’s external behavior and vulnerabilities.
Common Techniques: Network scanning, vulnerability scanning, and penetration testing.

3. Gray-Box Testing

Partial Knowledge: The tester has some knowledge of the system, such as its architecture or functionality.
Combination of White and Black: Combines elements of both white-box and black-box testing.
Common Techniques: Vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, and limited access to internal systems.

4. Web Application Testing

Focus on Web Applications: Specifically targets vulnerabilities in web applications, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF).
Common Tools: Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP, Acunetix.

5. Network Penetration Testing

Focus on Networks: Targets vulnerabilities in network infrastructure, including routers, switches, and firewalls.
Common Tools: Nmap, Nessus, Metasploit.
6. Wireless Penetration Testing
Focus on Wireless Networks: Targets vulnerabilities in wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi networks.
Common Techniques: War driving, wardriving, and wireless network cracking.

7. Social Engineering Testing
Focus on Human Element: Exploits human vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access or information.
Common Techniques: Phishing, pretexting, and baiting.

8. Mobile Application Testing

Focus on Mobile Apps: Targets vulnerabilities in mobile applications, such as insecure data storage, reverse engineering, and malware.
Common Tools: MobSF, Android Debug Bridge (ADB), iOS Developer Tools.

It’s important to note that ethical hacking often involves a combination of these types, depending on the specific goals and objectives of the assessment.

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